基本信息
《南京条约》复制品，香港历史博物馆藏
是近代西方资本主义强加在中国人民身上的第一个不平等条约。使中国主权国家的独立地位遭到了破坏。加速了清政府的灭亡与民族资本主义的产生。
1.签订时间：1842（道光二十二年七月二十四日）
2.内容：割香港岛给英国；赔款2100万元；开放广州、厦门、福州、宁波、上海为通商口岸；准许英国在五处通商口岸派驻领事；英商进出口货物缴纳的税款，由两国商定。
3.1843年，英国又强迫清政府签订了《南京条约》的附件。英国从中又取得了建立租界的权利和“领事裁判权”，以及片面“最惠国待遇”。
《南京条约》和附件的签订，破坏了中国的独立和领土完整，以及关税自主权和司法权，增加了中国人民的负担，便利了外国资本主义的侵入，给中国造成严重的危害。
主要内容
南京条约
中英《南京条约》共13款，主要内容是：
1、宣布结束战争。两国关系由战争状态，进入和平状态。
2、五口通商。清朝政府开放广州、福州、厦门、宁波、上海等五处为通商口岸，准许英国派驻领事，准许英商及其家属自由居住。
3、赔款。清政府向英国赔款2100万元，其中600万银元赔偿被焚鸦片，1200万银元赔偿英国军费，300万银元偿还商人债务。其款分4年交纳清楚，倘未能按期交足，则酌定每年百元应加利息5银元。
4、割地。清朝政府将香港岛割让给英国。
5、中国征收英商货物进出口关税应由两国协商。
6、废除公行制度，准许英商与华商自由贸易。
附件
中英《南京条约》签署后，应道光皇帝要求，清廷继续与英方交涉，商定具体实施过程中相应的细则。道光二十三年(1843年)六月二十五日《中英五口通商章程》公布施行，八月十五日订立《五口通商附粘善后条款》，即《虎门条约》。通过这些附件条约，英、法、美等国在中国攫取了领事裁判权、片面最惠国待遇等等许多特权。
深远影响
１、破坏中国主权，使香港成为英国进一步侵华的基地； 南京条约签订
2、是对中国人民的无耻掠夺，开创了侵略者勒索赔款的先例；
3、打开了我国东南沿海门户，便利外国资本主义势力入侵；
4、使中国开始丧失关税自主权，为外国侵略者对中国进行经济掠夺提供了有利条件；
5、鸦片战争是历史的转折点，是中国近代史的开端，使中国开始沦为半殖民半封建社会；
6、《南京条约》是中国近代第一个不平等条约；
7、中国的国家主权和领土完整遭到破坏，丧失了独立自主的地位。
后世启示
落后就要挨打；中国人民具有无畏强暴，敢于反抗的斗争精神。
我们要牢记历史，为中华之崛起而奋斗。
不能盲目排外，善于接受新事物。
条约原文
中文版
兹因大清大皇帝，大英君主，欲以近来之不和之端解释，止肇衅，为此议定设立永久和约。是以大清大皇帝特派钦差便宜行事大臣太子少保镇守广东广州将军宗室耆英，头品顶戴花翎前阁督部堂乍浦副都统红带子伊里布；大英伊耳兰等国君主特派全权公使大臣英国所属印度等处三等将军世袭男爵璞鼎查；公同各将所奉之上谕便宜行事及敕赐全权之命互相较阅，俱属善当，即便议拟各条，陈列于左：
一、嗣后大清大皇帝、大英国君主永存平和，所属华英人民彼此友睦，各住他国者必受该国保佑身家全安。
二、自今以后，大皇帝恩准英国人民带同所属家眷，寄居大清沿海之广州、福州、厦门、宁波、上海等五处港口，贸易通商无碍；且大英国君主派设领事、管事等官住该五处城邑，专理商贾事宜，与各该地方官公文往来；令英人按照下条开叙之列，清楚交纳货税、钞饷等费。
三、因大英商船远路涉洋，往往有损坏须修补者，自应给予沿海一处，以便修船及存守所用物料。今大皇帝准将香港一岛给予大英国君主暨嗣后世袭主位者常远据守主掌，任便立法治理。
四、因大清钦差大宪等于道光十九年二月间经将大英国领事官及民人等强留粤省，吓以死罪，索出鸦片以为赎命，今大皇帝准以洋银六百万银元偿补原价。
五、凡大英商民在粤贸易，向例全归额设行商，亦称公行者承办，今大皇帝准以嗣后不必仍照向例，乃凡有英商等赴各该口贸易者，勿论与何商交易，均听其便；且向例额设行商等内有累欠英商甚多无措清还者，今酌定洋银三百万银元，作为商欠之数，准明由中国官为偿还。
六、因大清钦命大臣等向大英官民人等不公强办，致须拨发军士讨求伸理，今酌定水陆军费洋银一千二百万银元，大皇帝准为偿补，惟自道光二十一年六月十五日以后，英国因赎各城收过银两之数，大英全权公使大臣为君主准可，按数扣除。
七、以上三条酌定银数共二千一百万银元应如何分期交清开列于左：
此时交银六百万银元；
癸卯年六月间交银三百万银元，十二月间交银三百万银元，共银六百万银元；
甲辰年六月间交银二百五十万银元，十二月间交银二百五十万银元，共银五百万银元；
乙巳年六月间交银二百万银元，十二月间交银二百万银元，共银四百万银元；
自壬寅年起至乙巳年止，四年共交银二千一百万银元。
倘有按期未能交足之数，则酌定每年每百员加息五银元。
八、凡系大英国人，无论本国、属国军民等，今在中国所管辖各地方被禁者，大清大皇帝准即释放。
九、凡系中国人，前在英人所据之邑居住者，或与英人有来往者，或有跟随及俟候英国官人者，均由大皇帝俯降御旨，誊录天下，恩准全然免罪；且凡系中国人，为英国事被拿监禁受难者，亦加恩释放。
十、前第二条内言明开关俾英国商民居住通商之广州等五处，应纳进口、出口货税、饷费，均宜秉公议定则例，由部颁发晓示，以便英商按例交纳；今又议定，英国货物自在某港按例纳税后，即准由中国商人遍运天下，而路所经过税关不得加重税例，只可按估价则例若干，每两加税不过分。
十一、议定英国住中国之总管大员，与大清大臣无论京内、京外者，有文书来往，用照会字样；英国属员，用申陈字样；大臣批复用札行字样；两国属员往来，必当平行照会。若两国商贾上达官宪，不在议内，仍用禀明字样为着。
十二、俟奉大清大皇帝允准和约各条施行，并以此时准交之六百万银元交清，大英水陆军士当即退出江宁、京口等处江面，并不再行拦阻中国各省商贾贸易。至镇海之招宝山，亦将退让。惟有定海县之舟山海岛、厦门厅之古浪屿小岛，仍归英兵暂为驻守；迨及所议洋银全数交清，而前议各海口均已开辟俾英人通商后，即将驻守二处军士退出，不复占据。
十三、以上各条均关议和要约，应候大臣等分别奏明大清大皇帝、大英君主各用？亲笔批准后，即速行相交，俾两国分执一册，以昭信守；惟两国相离遥远，不得一旦而到，是以另缮二册，先由大清钦差便宜行事大臣等、大英钦奉全权公使大臣各为君上定事，盖用关防印信，各执一册为据，俾即日按照和约开载之条，施行妥办无碍矣。要至和约者。
道光二十二年七月二十四日即英国记年之
一千八百四十二年八月二十九日由江宁省会行
大英君主汗华船上铃关防
英文版
VICTORIA, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc., etc., etc. To All and Singular to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting !Whereas a Treaty between Us and Our Good Brother The Emperor of China, was concluded and signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, on board Our Ship the Cornwallis, at Nanking, on the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-two, by the Plenipotentiaries of Us and of Our said Good Brother, duly and respectively authorized for that purpose;
which Treaty is hereunto annexed in Original.
TREATY
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of putting an end to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between the two Countries, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose, and have therefore named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, HENRY POTTINGER, Bart., a Major General in the Service of the East India Company, etc., etc.; And His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, the High Commiasioners KEYING, a Member of the Imperial House, a Guardian of the Crown Prince and General of the Garrison of Canton; and ELEPOO, of Imperial Kindred, graciously permitted to wear the insignia of the first rank, and the distinction of Peacock^s feather, lately Minister and Governor General etc., and now Lieutenant-General Commanding at Chapoo: Who, after having communicated to each other their respective Full Powers and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon, and concluded, the following Articles:
ARTICLE I.
There shall henceforward be Peace and Friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective Subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the Dominions of the other.
ARTICLE II.
His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees that British Subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purpose of carrying on their Mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint at the Cities and Towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow-fu, Ningpo, and Shanghai, and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., will appoint Superintendents or Consular Officers, to reside at each of the above-named Cities or Towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese Authorities and the said Merchants, and to see that the just Duties and other Dues of the Chinese Government is hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by Her Britannic Majesty^s Subjects.
ARTICLE III.
It being obviously necessary and desirable, that British Subjects should have some Port whereat they may careen and refit their Ships, when required, and keep Stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., the Island of Hongkong, to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, and to be governed by such Laws and Regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., shall see fit to direct.
ARTICLE IV.
The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Six Millions of Dollars as the value of Opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of March 1839, as a Ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty^s Superintendent and Subjects, who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese High Officers.
ARTICLE V.
The Government of China having compelled the British Merchants trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese Merchants called Hong Merchants (or Cohong) who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all Ports where British Merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please, and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of Three Millions of Dollars, on acoount of Debts due to British Subjects by some of the said Hong Merchants (or Cohong), who have become insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.
ARTICLE VI.
The Government of Her Britannic Majesty having been obliged to send out an Expedition to demand and obtain redress for the violent and unjust Proceedings of the Chinese High Authorities towards Her Britannic Majesty^s Officer and Subjects, the Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Twelve Millions of Dollars on account of the Expenses incurred, and Her Britannic Majesty^s Plenipotentiary voluntarily agrees, on behalf of Her Majesty, to deduct from the said amount of Twelve Millions of Dollars, any sums which may have been received by Her Majesty^s combined Forces as Ransom for Cities and Towns in China, subsequent to the 1st day of August 1841.
ARTICLE VII.
It is agreed that the Total amount of Twenty-one Millions of Dollars, described in the three preceding Articles, shall be paid as follows:
Six Millions immediately.
Six Millions in 1843. That is:NThree Millions on or before the 30th of the month of June, and Three Millions on or before the 31St of December.
Five Millions in 1844. That is:NTwo Millions and a Half on or before the 30th of June, and Two Millions and a half on or before the 31St of December.
Four Millions in 1845. That is:NTwo Millions on or before the 30th of June, and Two Millions on or before the 31st of December; and it is further stipulated, that Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, shall be paid by the Government of China on any portions of the above sums that are not punctually discharged at the periods fixed.
ARTICLE VIII.
The Emperor of China agrees to release unconditionally all Subjects of leer Britannic Majesty (whether Natives of Europe or India) who may be in confinement at this moment, in any part of the Chinese Empire.
ARTICLE IX.
The Emperor of China agrees to publish and promulgate, under His Imperial Sign Manual and Seal, a full and entire amnesty and act of indemnity, to all Subjects of China on account of their having resided under, or having had dealings and intercourse with, or having entered the Service of Her Britannic Majesty, or of Her Majesty^s Officers, and His lmperial Majesty further engages to release all Chinese Subjects who may be at this moment in confinement for similar reasons.
ARTICLE X.
His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to establish at all the Ports which are by the 2nd Article of this Treaty to be thrown open for the resort of British Merchants, a fair and regular Tariff of Export and Import Customs and other Dues, which Tariff shall be publicly notified and promulgated for general information, and the Emperor further engages, that when British Merchandise shall have once paid at any of the said Ports the regulated Customs and Dues agreeable to the Tariff, to be hereafter fixed, such Merchandise may be conveyed by Chinese Merchants, to any Province or City in the interior of the Empire of China on paying a further amount as Transit Duties which shall not exceed per cent. On the tariff value of such goods.
ARTICLE Xl.
It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty^s Chief High Officer in China shall correspond with the Chinese High Officers, both at the Capital and in the Provinces, under the term "Communication" [chinese characters]. The Subordinate British Officers and Chinese High Officers in the Provinces under the terms "Statement" [chinese characters] on the part of the former, and on the part of the latter " Declaration " [chinese characters], and the Subordinates of both Countries on a footing of perfect equality. Merchants and others not holding official situations and, therefore, not included in the above, on both sides, to use the term " Representation " [chinese characters] in all Papers addressed to, or intended for the notice of the respective Governments.
ARTICLE XII.
On the assent of the Emperor of China to this Treaty being received and the discharge of the first instalment of money, Her Britannic Majesty^s Forces will retire from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and will no longer molest or stop the Trade of China. The Military Post at Chinhai will also be withdrawn, but the Islands of Koolangsoo and that of Chusan will continue to be held by Her Majesty^s Forces until the money payments, and the arrangements for opening the Ports to British Merchants be completed.
ARTICLE XIII.
The Ratification of the Treaty by Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., and His Majesty the Emperor of China shall be exchanged as soon as the great distance which separates England from China will admit; but in the meantime counterpart copies of it, signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on behalf of their respective Sovereigns, shall be mutually delivered, and all its provisions and arrangements shall take effect.
Done at Nanking and Signed and Sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on board Her Britannic Majesty^s ship Cornwallis,this twenty-ninth day of August, 1842, corresponding with the Chinese date, twenty-fourth day of the seventh month
in the twenty-second Year of TAOU KWANG.
(L.S.) HENRY POTTINGER,
Her Majesty^s Plenipotentiary.
Chinese Signatures (3).*
| Chinese Seal. |
We, having seen and considered the Treaty aforesaid, have approved, accepted, and confirmed the same in all and every one of its Articles and Clauses, as We do by these Presents approve, accept, confirm, and ratify it for Ourselves, Our Heirs, and Successors:Engaging and Promising upon Our Royal Word, that We will sincerely and faithfully perform and observe all and singular the things which are contained and expressed in the Treaty aforesaid, and that We will never suffer the same to be violated by any one, or transgressed in any manner,
as far as it lies in Our Power.
For the greater Testimony and Validity of all which, We have caused the Great Seal of Our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to be affixed to these Presents, which We have signed with Our Royal Hand.
Given at Our Court at Windsor Castle, the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-two, and in the Sixth Year of Our Reign.
(Signed) VICTORIA R.
* The preamble mentions two Chinese negotiators only, KEYING and ELEPOO. The third signature was that of NIUKIEN, Liang Kiang Viceroy.
历史背景
中英海军激战场面英国向中国输入鸦片由来已久，到19世纪30年代末，输入量达到惊人的程度。这种肮脏的鸦片贸易不仅使英国人的东印度公司、英属印度政府及鸦片贩子获得暴利，而且与英国政府和整个英国资产阶级形成了密切的利益关系。1839年1月，清朝钦差大臣林则徐奉旨禁烟，并于6月3日进行了震惊中外的虎门销烟。
1840年6月，英国侵略者为保护鸦片贸易，依仗其船坚炮利，发动了侵略中国的鸦片战争。英军先后攻陷舟山、虎门、厦门、宁波、吴淞、镇江等地，并霸占香港岛。1842年（道光二十二年）8月4日，英军进逼南京，索要赎城费300万元。军事失利的清朝以钦差大臣耆英、两江总督牛鉴、署乍浦副都统伊里布为代表，与英方交涉。中英和约谈判开始。
1842年8月11日至29日的条约谈判，清朝代表在英方的军事压力下毫无反抗能力。英方不允许清方对其提出的条件做任何修改，屡屡以进攻南京相要挟。条约中的中英文本完全是英方一手制定的。8月29日，耆英、伊里布与英国全权代表璞鼎查于南京江面上的英国“皋华丽”CORNWALLIS战舰上签署了和约。南京当时称江宁，该条约又被称为《江宁条约》，今人惯称为《南京条约》。
事件经过
1842年7月，英舰百余艘，官兵约九千人，自吴淞口溯长江西上。进攻长江与京杭大运河交叉点的镇江。意图截断南北交通，阻止漕运。驻守镇江的1500名八旗兵与英军展开激烈巷战，死伤惨重，全城遭受焚掠，一片废墟。英国侵略军先后攻占吴淞、上海、镇江后，于8月初将军舰开到南京江面，并把炮口对准南京城。腐败的清政府公开违背广大人民坚决抗敌的愿望，向侵略者屈膝投降。对岸的扬州绅商，惶恐万状，给了英军五十万元，作为不占领的交换条件。道光皇帝遂决定接受英国的条件议和。
南京条约签订8月4日，英国军舰驶抵南京下关江面，清政府被迫在静海寺与英国政府议约，双方共在寺内议约四次。但谈判期间英军仍未停止抢劫行为，引发了鸦片战争中最后一战——靖江保卫战。1842年8月29日（道光二十二年七月二十四日），清廷代表钦差大臣耆英、伊里布，英国代表璞鼎查在英军旗舰“康华丽号”上正式签订了中英《南京条约》。静海寺因此成为中国近代史起点的象征。
随后，美国和法国强迫清政府分别与之签定《中美望厦条约》和《中法黄埔条约》。
真确文本现存于中华民国外交部，现寄存于台北外双溪国立故宫博物院恒温恒湿的库房保存。另一份文本则由英国政府保存。
1943年，蒋介石领导国民政府分别与英美等签订协议，宣布英美等国通过不平等条约攫取的治外法权等一些特权被废除,所以清政府与其他国家签订的包括《南京条约》在内的其他不平等条约从此废除。
条约危害
1844年7月、10月，美国和法国乘火打劫，效仿英国，先后威逼清政府签订了中美《望厦条约》和中法《黄埔条约》，获得除割地、赔款之外，与英国同样的特权。从1845年起，比利时、瑞典等国家也都胁迫清政府签订了类似条约，中国的主权遭到进一步破坏。鸦片战争的失败和《南京条约》等一系列不平等条约的签订，使中国社会发生了根本性的变化。政治上独立自主的中国，战后由于领土主权遭到破坏，自给自足的自然经济解体，逐渐成为世界资本主义的商品市场和原料供给地。中国的大门被打开，开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会。
政治
丧失主权
《南京条约》为中国近代历史上第一个不平等条约，虽然其本身是否不平等条约还有争议。但在其后续订的《中英五口通商章程》(1843年7月22日)和《五口通商附粘善后条款》（虎门条约，1843年10月8日）中，英国人相继取得了协定关税、治外法权(领事裁判权，中外人民诉讼各按本国法律管理)、划定租界、片面的最惠国待遇(利益均沾)、军舰停泊口岸等特权，则明显是不折不扣的不平等条约，损害中国主权达百年之久， 更有利了外国资本主义对中国的商品倾销和原料掠夺。
当时清朝政府轻易的放弃这些主权，一个重要原因也是因为不了解国际法，并不认识这些条款损害国家主权的严重性，反以为有许多便利，不失为一种较公道的解决办法。如认为划定租界，可便于防范外人，对中国人的扰乱可以较少；而协定关税使得中国税收实际上比较以往还有所增加，得到了实利。
南京条约油画
经济
五口通商
1843年至1844年，新开的五个条约口岸：厦门、上海、宁波、福州、广州相继开埠。厦门、福州、宁波因地理的限制，商务并不繁盛。只有长江口的上海最接近主要出口物资丝绸和茶叶的产地，又位于江、浙富庶之区，同时是国内南北海运的中间站，原在广州的英美商人及其雇佣的买办(多为广东人或宁波人)蜂拥而至，开设洋行。1853年起，上海开始压倒广州，成为全国最大贸易港口。英美法三国相继沿黄浦江设立租界，并不断扩展，形成上海公共租界和上海法租界。后来上海公共租界的中心道路为纪念《南京条约》开放上海而被命名为南京路。至于割让的香港，本为海盗出没的荒岛渔村。英国人在此凿山填海，大事兴建，成为英国在远东的军事政治和经济中枢，一度还是鸦片和苦力的集散地。
传教与文化
鸦片战争时，在中国约有三十万的地下天主教徒。基督教(新教)没有公开传教，只有20名英美传教士在澳门进行一些准备工作，如翻译圣经，编写字典。1846年，道光皇帝明诏弛禁天主教，归还原有教堂，天主教于是转而公开活动。耶稣会负责江苏、安徽和直隶东南部的传教工作。遣使会负责直隶的大部分和浙江、江西。多明我会则专门负责福建。来自英美德三国十余个基督教(新教)差会也纷纷在五口设立教堂、学校、医院。其中美国归正会在厦门兴建了基督教(新教)在中国的第一所教堂新街堂，美北长老会的嘉约翰在广州接办中国第一所西医院博济医院。
对外关系
当时的中国人没有重视、反思这场战争。战后，中国人继续沉浸在“天朝上国”的思想中。清朝对外关系不善，加上鸦片战争的失败，国威严重受损，国际地位相对下降，清廷之国力及军事科技方面弱点尽露，引发外国侵略，剥夺之野心。南京条约之后，各国亦纷纷援例要求订约，向中国提出种种剥削性的要求，不平等条约遂不断出现。
一、
割让香港岛使中国领土主权不完整；
香港岛控制广州的出海口，商业上，占领香港岛就能打击广州贸易；
军事上，可以控制广州和中国东南沿海，自此香港岛成为英国侵华的据点。
二、
赔偿巨款，相当清政府全年财政收入的三分之一。清政府为此加强了对人民的压榨，人民的负担空前沉重；开创了侵略者对中国勒索赔款的恶例。同时也为英国资本主义的发展提供了资本积累。
三、
开放五口使我国东南沿海的门户洞开，便利了外国资本主义势力的侵入有利于外国资本主义的商品输出。便利了资本主义国家的货物，包括鸦片，大量涌入中国，使中国经济日益半殖民地化。造成中国东南沿海手工业者大量破产，中国自给自足的自然经济开始解体，严重地破坏了中国的贸易主权。《虎门条约》里规定，英国人可以在这些租地建屋，长久居住。五个口岸又成了英国的侵略据点。
四、
协定关税的规定，协定关税的规定，是一种片面的协定关税税率。它只规定英商对华进出口货物的税率中国要同英方商量，而未规定中国对英进出口货物的税率英方须同中国商量。其结果便形成了中国单方面的减让关税税率。因此，这是对中国关税主权的严重侵犯，是一项影响极深远的经济侵略措施。使中国开始丧失了海关自主权，为外国侵略者对中国进行经济掠夺提供了有利条件。使中国的进口税成为世界上最低的。自此中国自己不能调整税率，海关不能起保护本国工商业的作用，反而成为外国侵略者用之以倾销洋货和掠夺中国原料出口的工具。协定关税，不仅破坏了中国关税自主权，有利于西方国家倾销商品，而且使得中国民族工业的发展失去了关税的保障。中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会。
史料陈列馆
《南京条约》史料陈列馆