宾语从句定义
置于动词介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序谓语动词介词动词不定式v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句有些形容词afraid,sure,glad等之后也可以带宾语从句
版本五
关系代词
1.that指代人或物在句中作主语或宾语多指句子
2.which指代物在句中作主语或宾语特殊指代前面的一整件事
3.who whom指代人分别作主语和宾语
由关系代词whose引导的定语从句
whose用作名词的限定语whose后定有名词
由关系副词whenwherewhy引导的定语从句
如果句子中不缺少主语和宾语时则考虑用关系副词
1when在从句中作时间状语whenon which
2where在从句中作地点状语wherein which
3why在从句中作原因状语whyfor which
注意
1用which不用that的情况
1逗号后不用that用which2介词后不用that用which
2用that不用which的情况
1先行词为不定代词各种thing 例somethingnothing
2先行词前有最高级序数词the only the very 等修饰时
3先行词既有人又有物时
3特殊情况
1way方式方法+1that
2in which
3什么都用
例I hit way that/in whichyou speak to your parents
2当句子中不缺主语宾语时出现pointconditionstagecase等词后用where
版本四
一定义和例句分析
宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语
A 作动词的宾语
I heard the news.
主语谓语动词名词作宾语
Iheard that he would come here later on.
主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语---宾语从句
B 作介词的宾语
Hesaidnothing about the plan.
主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词名词作介词的宾语
Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last night.
主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语
二复合句的构成
带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起连接词有that(可省略)what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.
1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.
宾语
2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.
间接宾语直接宾语
3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
间接宾语直接宾语
4 if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.
how she managed to solve the problem.
why water flows from a high position to a lower position.
在例子4中当主句是过去时态时一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种大自然的现象和真理除外
5 if (whether) I have passed the exam.
how my cat escaped from the room last night.
在例子5中当主语是现在时态时一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态
三注意
A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序但也有部分口语提问以疑问代词作主语
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语而把真正的宾语从句放在后面
Bad: I thought that he could finish thisjob in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句
Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.
Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般过去时态从句也要用过去时态具体细节请看第一部分
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
宾语从句的点点滴滴宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语将这个句子叫做宾语从句宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下
一引导词
A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后连词that只起连接作用在从句中不做句子的成分也无词汇意义在口语中常被省略但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好特别是在笔语中
例I told him that he was wrong.
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中有时谓语尽管是否定意义却不用否定形式而将think 等动词变为否定形式
例I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
在许多带有复合宾语的句子中that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面而用it做形式宾语
例We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if whether 引导的表示是否…的宾语从句Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分一般情况下whether和if 可以替换
例I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例Everything depends on whether we have enough money
l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.
和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how 等连接的宾语从句它们在句中即有连接从句的作用又在句中充当句子的成分
例Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I dont know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
二宾语从句的语序
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
二宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制
既主句是一般现在时态从句根据实际情况而定
主句是一般过去时态从句用相应的过去的时态如果从句的动作发生在主句之前则从句要用过去完成时态
例
She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week..
如果宾语从句说的是客观真理自然现象或事实时这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态
例The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见语气委婉并不表示过去
例Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum
注意事项
由陈述句变成宾语从句时要注意人称的变化
例She said: I have been to England before.
She said that she had been to England before.
宾语从句与简单句的交换
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时可以用疑问词+不定式
做宾语的简单句结构
例I dont know what I should do next.
I dont know what to do next.
DO SOME EXERCISES:
1Can you see________
what hes reading B. what is he reading
what does he read D. he reads what
2Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一个句子)
Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan
what was the matter D. what the matter was
The keys: 1 A.2 if,comes
宾语从句意义
语法是语言的组织规律任何人在使用语言时不管他是否学过语法但都必须合乎语法另外总结语法本身的规律也能加深我们对语言的理解让我们能够真正熟练地运用语言宾语指一个动作动词的接受者常置于动词之后也有双宾语结构例句he gave me a book类似拥有me和book两个宾语的句子叫双宾语从句在复合句中由一个句子充当宾语这个句子就叫做宾语从句
宾语从句时态
主句是一般现在时从句根据实际情况使用任何时态
例句The headmaster hopes everything goes well.主句是过去时态从句须用过去时态的某种形式
例句She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时即使主句是过去时从句也用一般现在时态
例句The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语引导词有
连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词who, whose, what ,which
副词when ,where, how, why 等
that引导的宾语从句
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等
例句The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词而宾语从句的意思是否定时常把否定转移至主句表示
例句I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中不能省略
当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时第一个that可省但后面的that不可省
例句He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时that一般不可省
例句Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时that不可省
例句I cant tell him that his mother died.
注意事项许多带复合宾语的句子that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部而用it作形式宾语
例句I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的意思是是否宾语从句要用陈述句语序一般说来在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的
例句I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether不能用if引导的宾语从句
在带to的不定式前
例句We decided whether to walk there.在介词的后面
例句Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week直接与or not连用时
例句I cant say whether or not theycan come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.
连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的宾语从句要用陈述句语序用于这种结构的动词常常是see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等
英语中的连接代词有who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语宾语定语或者表语
例句Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有when,where,why,how在句中担任状语的成分
例句None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
用法
宾语从句
宾语从句的连接词that
结构主语+谓语+宾语陈述语序
注意
引导词为that
语序为v.+主语+谓语 由ifwhether引导宾语从句
主句为现在时 从句为任一时态
从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether和疑问词what how where when ...)
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句
if和whetherwhether...or not引导表示是否的一般疑问句的宾语从句
关联代词
连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等
连接代词一般指疑问但what,whatever除了指疑问外也可以指陈述
关联副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等
例句
He didnt tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面
注宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面
动宾从句
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句
部分动词+副词结构也可以带宾语从句
动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有
make sure确保make up ones mind下决心keep in mind牢记
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it双宾语这类动词主要有hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell
介宾从句
用whether之类的介词宾语从句
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
形容+宾从句
有些形容词具有动词的含义所以也可以带一个宾语从句
例句
I am sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his answer is right?
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
if与whether
if和whether在作是否理解时引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后介词后一般不用if
少数动词如leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether
whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以
在不定式前只能用whether
一般no matter后表示是否用whether而不用if
不省略引导词
存在以下情况时引导词that不可省略
that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语
宾语从句较长
主语状语置于主句尾宾语从句之前
主语谓语动词包括非谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语
一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时第一个that可以省略第二个that不可以省略
宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语
宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语
宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句
主语中的谓语动词是固定词组
宾语从句有it做其先行词
直接引语中转述分句把宾语从句隔开
that在从句中充当主语
否定转移
学习图片
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.我们通常称为否定前移
时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
④如果从句是一个客观真理那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
⑤当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时不能按正常语序安排经常将这类引导词置于句首
无论任何时候都为陈述语序.但也有部分口语提问例外 E.G:What's the matter?What's wrong with you?
宾语从句语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分例句如下
I dont know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
版本二
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素引导词语序和时态
一引导词
1从句为陈述句常选择引导词that或将that省略直接与主句相连
2从句为一般疑问句常选择引导词if或whether在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换
3从句为特殊疑问句常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词疑问副词作引导词 注意当who为主语时句式为who+谓语+其他
从句的引导词有很多如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等
二判断时态情况
1主句是一般现在时从句为各种时态
2主句是一般过去时从句为各种相应过去时态 注意从句描绘客观事实用一般现在时
3关系代词thatwhowhom,whose,which
:1 The teacher told the children that the sun____ round.
was B. is C. were D. are
2 I believe that our team____ the basketball match.
win B. wonC. will winD. wins
答1.B 2.C
宾语从句用作宾语如
Do you know where he lives ?
定语从句相当于一个形容词用于修饰前面的名词如
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
This is the man whom he is looking for.
三宾语从句的用法
1that引导宾语从句无意义不充当句子成分常省略但下列情况除外
①介词宾语从句的that不能省略
② and连接的两个从句两个从句的that不能省略
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
③在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中that不省略
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
Whether,if 引导宾语从句两词可互换但是下列情形除外
①whether从句中有or not
②whether从句做介词宾语
Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3许多带复合宾语的句子宾语从句经常移到句子后部而用it做形式宾语结构是
主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
①宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
②. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语而把真正的宾语从句放在后面
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
③. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句
Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.
Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher.
④. 主句一般过去时态从句也要用过去时态具体细节请看第一部分
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
版本三
宾语从句在复合句中位于及物动词后
eg
Tell him which class you are in
Do you know what he likes
注
主句谓语过去时从句相应过去时
He answered that he was listening to me.
主句谓语现在时从句时态任所需
eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.
They know (that) he is working hard.
具体过去永不变真理格言现在时
egHe told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
2完成反意问句
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时应转移到主句上去完成反意问句时应与从句主谓保持一致注 否定前移的条件是主句主语是第一人称
eg I don't think you are right,are you
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they
3运用虚拟语气
在表示
建议 suggest advisepropose;
要求demand desirerequest
决定 decide;
命令 ordercommandrequire;
坚决主张 insist;
等动词后跟宾语从句用should+v虚拟语气
eg I suggested that youshouldstudy hard
He ordered that we should go out at once
4宾语从句后置
如果宾语从句后有宾语补语用it作形式宾语把宾语从句后置
egYou may think it strange that he would live there
5that不可省略
宾语从句that常可省略但在以下情况下不能省略
A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时可以省略第一个that其他不能省略
egI believethatyou have done your best and that things will get better
B当it作形式宾语时
egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with him
C当宾语从句前置时
egThat our team will winI believe
宾语从句特点
宾语从句可以作及物动词介词及形容词的宾语
宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序
连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义不充当句子成份多数情况下可以省略
whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句但 whether后可紧跟or notwhether从句可作介词的宾语
如果从句太长可以用形式宾语it. 补充宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.时态1·主句用一般现在时从句可用任意时 2·主句用过去时从句用过去某个时态 3·主句用过去时从句是真理时只用一般现在时1.宾语从句的连接词从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示是否的宾语从句.He told that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他下一年上大学.I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?I dont know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.2.动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分动词+副词结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. ②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.3.介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.4.形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.5.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作是否解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如 I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下 ⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;当宾语从句较长时;当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.7.宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?8.宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时候①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<老人与海>.②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.宾语从句即在主句中担当宾语的从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素连接词语序和时态 连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which指事,who指人 1从句为陈述句常选择连接词that或将that省略直接与主句相连 2从句为一般疑问句常选择连接词if或whether在whether…ornot结构中不能用if替换 3从句为特殊疑问句常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代副词作连接词 注意当who为主语时句式为who+谓语+其他三判断时态情况 1主句是一般现在时从句为各种时态情况 2主句是一般过去时从句为各种相应过去时态注意从句描绘客观事实用一般现在时1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 3. I dont know____ to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答选B动词reach后接宾语从句从句缺少宾语where不可which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义哪一个…而此句中并非疑问含义不知道哪一座庙宇而是用what从句表陈述含义意过去的一座旧庙宇temple后为对其修饰的定语从句用关系代词which代替并在从句中作动词used的宾语use sth. as…把…用作…whether + or not 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语位于及物动词后 eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes 注(1)主从句时态一致 主句谓语过去时从句相应过去时 He answered that he was listening to me. 主句谓语现在时从句时态任所需 eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具体过去永不变真理格言现在时 egHe told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . 2否定前移及完成反意问句 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时应转移到主句上去完成反意问句时应与从句主谓保持一致注: 否定前移的条件是主句主语是第一人称 eg I don't think you are right ,are you ? I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? 3在表示建议 suggest , advise 要求demand desirerequirerequestpropose 决定 decide; 命令 ordercommand; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句用should+v虚拟语气 eg I suggested that youshouldstudy hard He ordered that we should go out at once 4如果宾语从句后有宾语补语用it作形式宾语把宾语从句后置 egYou may think it strange that he would live there 5宾语从句that常可省略但在以下情况下不能省略 A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时可以省略第一个that其他不能省略 egI believethatyou have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter B当it作形式宾语时 egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with him C当宾语从句前置时 egThat our team will winI believe